Схемы, платы, компоненты

Если нужен поиск источника звука с широким спектром (напр., от 20 Гц до 20 кГц), то все становится на порядок сложней. 

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В Канаде есть похожий проект поиска источников "Fast Radio Bursts".

Там всё делают через FFT:

Briefly, signals from the feeds are bandpass-filtered to the 400- to 800-MHz band; the filtered analog signals are sent to 1.25-Gsample/sec ADCs that operate at 800 Msamples/sec. The sampled data is then fed to FPGAs that channelize the signals into 1,024 frequency bins. Each frequency bin is 390kHz wide. The FPGAs then shuffle the channelized bins over a 10Gbps, full-mesh network to group like-frequency bins together. Grouped frequency bins are shipped off to a large bank of GPUs for real-time N2 correlation and averaging.

The Kintex-7 FPGA on the ICE motherboard channelizes the input data from the ADCs into frequency bands using a custom polyphase filter bank followed by FFTs.

https://forums.xilinx.com/t5/Xcell-Daily-Blog-Archived/FPGAs-Aid-Search-for-Dark-Energy-with-CHIME-Telescope/ba-p/543523

https://forums.xilinx.com/t5/Xcell-Daily-Blog-Archived/Canada-s-CHIME-Radio-Telescope-generates-13Tbps-as-it-scans-the/ba-p/794031

https://forums.xilinx.com/t5/Xcell-Daily-Blog-Archived/Looking-for-Dark-Energy-using-FPGAs-GPUs-and-CHIME-in-Canada-s/ba-p/498274

По первой ссылке см.: Figure 4.