0xFF

предложена очередная "Rewriting system" - can be seen as program that infer end-effects from a list of cause-effect relationships. In this way, rewriting systems can be considered to be automated causality provers.

ну и для графов их уже полно -> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_rewriting

собссно, научпоповский фон выбран очень гениально :))